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| Produce procedure &Standard
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 Hydraulic fracturing is a process of injecting fluid into an oil or gas bearing formation at a high reate,and with high and pressure.The formation fails in tension and the fractures accept the fluid.In order to hold the fracture open once the fracturing pressure is released,the fluid mixed with a propping agent(proppant) is injected into the formation.Hydraulic fracturing increases the flow of oil or gas from a reservoir to the well bore in at least three ways:(1)the overail reservoir area connected to the well bore is increased,(2)the proppant in the fracture has significantly higher permeability than the formation itself,and(3)the highly conductive(propped)channels create a large pressure gradient in the reservoir past the tip of the fracture.
Proppants are spherical particles that can withstand high temperature,pressure,and the corrosive environment present in the formation.If the proppant fails to withstand the stresses of the formation,it disintegrates, and produces fragments which reduce the permeability of the propped itself,early proppants were made of silica sand,glass beads,sand,walnut shells,or aluminum pellets.
Baolong Proppant adopts the high quality and unique Bauxite from western Henan Provice,China.The material is pelleted by a special grinding, and high-temperature sintering process.
This specially engineered process enhances
Baolong Proppant to acquire the unique properties to resist high temperature,high pressure,and to withstand erosion.Thus,it is highly capable of leading the flow.
Baolong Proppant is indispensable to hydraulic fracturing process in the oil/gas wells to achieve greater productiyity.
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1.A Select raw materials. |
1.A1 Main materials. |
Bauxite is the main material, comes from Henan. The Table 1 is the chemical composition of bauxite. |
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Table1 Bauxite Chemical Composition |
Al2O3 |
SiO2 |
TiO2 |
Fe2O3 |
MgO |
CaO |
Al2O3/SiO2 |
Other |
55-71 |
7-16 |
2.5-3.8 |
1.5-19 |
<1.0 |
<1.0 |
3.4-9.7 |
15-25 |
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1.A2 Supplementary materials. |
In order to enable the end product to achieve the anticipated effect, we add the different and rich supplementary material to carry on agglutinates:
1. TiO2 can improve the agglutinate level, reduce the temperature, and save on energy.
2. Chromite is one kind of crystal bond. It can enhance the hardness and intensity of proppant.
3. Magnetites and Boron and others will improve strength and Acid Solubility greatly.
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1B£¬Designs. |
1.B1 Ingredient basis. |
One of our bond system is MgO-A12O3-SiO2 , it can meet the requirement of the viscosity and fuses temperature. It is also easy to crystallize.
Different performance of proppant depends on the host material and the supplementary materials used, and the proportion they are mixed.
The eligible proppant should meet the follows:
1. it should has a higher intensity and be lower crush resistance.
2. it should is good at chemical stability, especially acid and corrode resistance.
3. its raw materials should have well agglutinate the performance, can be carried on under a lower temperature conditions.
4. reduces brittleness as far as possible.
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1.B2 Plans |
In our Laboratory, we¡¯d tried to do many times test, want to get the high performance products.
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1.C Form Pellets |
 We use a specially technology to make proppants: Crash and grind to get particulates, add a certain water bond,then rotate the mix powder in a drum. Polymerization of the blended sol results in a gel being formed, which may then be processed by shaping and curing to form appropriately shaped proppant particles.
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| 2£¬Standard of Mesh and Crush resistance according to SY/T5108-2006. |
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¦ÌM |
3350
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1700 |
2360
/
1180 |
1700/
1000 |
1700/
850 |
1180/
850 |
1180
/
600 |
850
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425 |
600
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300 |
425
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250 |
425
/
212 |
212
/
106 |
Mesh |
6/
12 |
8/
16 |
12/
18 |
12/
20 |
16/
20 |
16/
30 |
20/
40 |
30/
50 |
40/
60 |
40/
70 |
70/
140 |
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Table 3 Standard of Crush Resistance
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Scope of Mesh |
Bulk Density
/Apparent Density |
Pressure
(MPA) |
Closure Stress
KN |
Crush Resistance
% |
3350-1700£¨6/12£©
2360-1180£¨8/16£©
1700-1000£¨12/18£©
1700-850£¨12/20£©
1700-850£¨16/20£©
1180-600£¨16/30£© |
- |
52
52
52
52
69
69 |
105
105
105
105
140
140 |
¡Ü25.0
¡Ü25.0
¡Ü25.0
¡Ü25.0
¡Ü20.0
¡Ü20.0 |
850-425(20/40) |
¡Ü1.65/¡Ü3.00
¡Ü1.80/¡Ü3.35
£¾1.80/£¾3.35 |
52
52
69 |
105
105
140 |
¡Ü9
¡Ü5
¡Ü5 |
600-300(30/50) |
¡Ü1.65/¡Ü3.00
¡Ü1.80/¡Ü3.35
£¾1.80/£¾3.35 |
52
69
69 |
105
140
140 |
¡Ü8
¡Ü6
¡Ü5 |
425-250(40/60) |
/ |
86 |
174 |
¡Ü7 |
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